Energy Conversion and Generation
Solar Panels: The core component of solar garden lights is the solar panel, which captures sunlight and converts it into electrical energy. When sunlight strikes the solar panel, photons are absorbed by the semiconductor material, exciting electrons to jump to a higher energy level, thereby forming electron-hole pairs.These electrons and holes, due to the presence of a PN junction in the photovoltaic material, create an internal electric field that drives the electrons to flow, generating current.
Energy Storage System
Battery Types: The energy generated by the solar panel is stored in a battery system for later use.Commonly used battery types for solar garden lights include nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, and supercapacitors.
NiMH Batteries: Known for their long lifespan, low self-discharge, and high reliability, NiMH batteries offer efficient energy storage.
Li-ion Batteries: Characterized by high energy density, lightweight, and long lifespan, Li-ion batteries are widely used due to their good charge-discharge performance, long life cycle, and environmental friendliness.
Supercapacitors: These are high-efficiency, high-speed energy storage devices that provide high output power, long lifespan, and low-temperature performance.
Battery Management System (BMS): The BMS monitors the charging state of the battery to ensure it operates within a safe range. It prevents overcharging, over-discharging, and short-circuit risks, ensuring the safe and efficient use of the battery.
In summary, the energy storage technology of solar garden lights is implemented through a combination of solar panels, battery systems, and intelligent BMS. This technology ensures efficient energy conversion, storage, and utilization, making solar garden lights a reliable and eco-friendly lighting solution.